Author Archives: rdmyers75@hotmail.com

more on China’s “ecological civilization”

The United Nations has a new report on China’s “ecological civilization” plan. What seems notable is that it takes an urban and regional planning framework, then weaves in goals related to environmental quality and sustainable agriculture. There are also a few targets related to habitat and biodiversity conservation. It’s a good vision and contains all the right rhetoric.

urban vegetation design for heat

When you see completely mangled English in a paper that has supposedly passed peer review, you have to wonder about the quality of the peer review. Nonetheless, I was interested in the results of this study that looked at trees, shrubs, and lawn to see which had the most effect on urban heat.

Numerical simulation of the impact of different vegetation species on the outdoor thermal environment

For air temperature at 1.5 m and thermal comfort and safety (PET and WBGT), the sequence is trees> lawn> shrubs, but for surface temperature, the sequence is lawn> shrubs> trees

I’m always interested in the idea of designing urban areas to maximize hydrologic function, ecological function, and human comfort simultaneously. There is so much that could be done, and so much closed-mindedness and poor communication among the various professions and disciplines that could be doing it.

I’ve always assumed trees are the gold standard, because you get both the evapotranspiration function and the shading function, whereas with lawn and shrubs you only get the former. Also, you only need a small area of soil to plant the tree (although often more than we allow in urban areas), and then its leaves can cover a large area of concrete or asphalt, which would otherwise be generating a lot of heat and polluted runoff. Also, grass provides very little ecological function (unless you let it grow taller and/or take a lenient approach to what some of your neighbors choose to define as “weeds”, which can be socially unacceptable), where trees and bushes provide ecological function. Bushes take up a lot of space, either in a sidewalk context or a small urban yard – paradoxically, once trees mature a little bit they take up less space because there is space under them. On the other hand, I’ve argued with purists that if people really want lawn in urban areas, it is a lot better than concrete in terms of hydrology, heat, and aesthetics. Although if you’re in a water-stressed area, that adds another factor to the hydrology equation that those of us in wetter areas have the luxury of not worrying about too much.

What is the U.S. up to in Japan?

Well, Marines and sailors on Okinawa are raping and killing women, as usual. And President Obama is visiting Hiroshima and sort of mentioning but not really apologizing for dropping nuclear weapons on it.

I think it’s nice that Obama visited Hiroshima. I thought it would have been a nice place to announce a major nuclear stockpile reduction effort early in his second term. Here’s what he had to say about that:

among those nations like my own that hold nuclear stockpiles, we must have the courage to escape the logic of fear and pursue a world without them.

We may not realize this goal in my lifetime, but persistent effort can roll back the possibility of catastrophe. We can chart a course that leads to the destruction of these stockpiles. We can stop the spread to new nations and secure deadly materials from fanatics.

That’s a bit disappointing to me. We could drastically scale them back, creating good will around the world and giving us some moral high ground to work with other countries to scale them back. We could tackle the emerging and possibly far scarier biological weapons threat. We could scale back our footprints in Japan and Korea and leave those rich, modern, democratic nations to provide for their own defense while staying engaged with them through trade and diplomacy.

I am an Obama fan though. He is someone who chose to do as much good as he could within the constraints of the system. It is possible that if he had pushed the system harder he might have gotten more done, but it is also possible it would have been counterproductive. We will never know. I like his last minute attempts to begin the process of putting some thorny historical issues to bed with Cuba, Iran, Japan, and Vietnam. In Vietnam in particular I am struck by how little ill will the public seems to bear us, when they might have the most reason to of all those countries. These efforts build some good will internationally and provide a better starting point for future leaders to build on than the same old stale Cold War positions we’ve had for the last 50 years.

Whitewater

Politico says Trump plans to dredge up the Whitewater scandal that dogged the Bill Clinton White House in the 1990s. The Whitewater scandal is just tiresome – you can read about it here. Basically it was a failed deal to develop some vacation homes in the hills of Arkansas. The actual scandal had something to do with the Clintons maybe twisting some arms to get loans to the developers. It was investigated throughout the 90s, a few people actually went to jail for short periods of time related to the loans or obstruction of justice, but there really was nothing even close to a case made against either Clinton.

Compare this to the plots to murder Fidel Castro, the U.S.-backed military coups against elected governments in Central and South America and all over Asia, the secret and illegal wars in Laos and Cambodia, Watergate, the Iran-Contra scandal, the invasion of Iraq, and this little “scandal” looks really silly. I hope the 90s are not starting up again, but you can see the beginnings of that with the “email scandal” and the “Bengazi scandal”. It has been refreshing that there has really been no whiff of scandal in relation to Obama, unless you count “Obama is a Muslim” or the birth certificate thing, but those are beyond silly, just childish. The drone strikes and special forces activity around the world are questionable of course, but then political “scandals” don’t usually involve these matters of actual life and death, do they?

“take on Wall Street”

According to the Washington Post, there is a new movement forming called “take on Wall Street”.

the group expects to galvanize support for breaking up the big banks and reviving a version of the Glass-Steagall Act, which prevented the combination of commercial and investment banks. It is also expected to push for a transaction tax, which would force some Wall Street traders, particularly high-frequency traders, to pay a fee every time they buy or sell a stock or bond.

 

terrorism and U.S. elections

This Washington Post article was written after the Paris attacks of fall 2015. It says that after a terrorist attack these things happen:

  • concerns about terrorism increase suspicion and even intolerance directed at migrants, refugees and Muslims.

  • On average, leaders who are Republican, male, and have relevant national security experience tend to be viewed as more competent.

  • terrorist threat advantages Republicans more than Democrats, in part because Republicans are traditionally perceived as better able to handle issues related to national defense.

  • Leaders who are both female and Democratic may…experience the most negative political consequences of terrorist attacks.

  • Hillary Clinton is likely to be bolstered by the foreign policy experience she gained as secretary of state and by her tendency to take stands that are more hawkish than those of Bernie Sanders.

  • Trump is a bit of a wild card, however. His bold style may be appealing in a context of threat. However, he may be hurt by his lack of any significant foreign policy experience

In other words, nobody knows. The general election is going to be interesting, and if god forbid there were to be major terrorist or geopolitical events it will be even more interesting.

Venezuela

Before I even talk about this Atlantic article on Venezuela, let me say that I don’t know enough about Venezuela to have much of an opinion on it or its politics. And the language in the article is not unbiased, but has an ideological bent. But here’s what it says:

What our country is going through is monstrously unique: It’s nothing less than the collapse of a large, wealthy, seemingly modern, seemingly democratic nation just a few hours’ flight from the United States.

In the last two years Venezuela has experienced the kind of implosion that hardly ever occurs in a middle-income country like it outside of war. Mortality rates are skyrocketing; one public service after another is collapsing; triple-digit inflation has left more than 70 percent of the population in poverty; an unmanageable crime wave keeps people locked indoors at night; shoppers have to stand in line for hours to buy food; babies die in large numbers for lack of simple, inexpensive medicines and equipment in hospitals, as do the elderly and those suffering from chronic illnesses.

Like I said this article is ideological, blaming the problems on “Chavez’s 21st-century socialism”:

A case in point is the price controls, which have expanded to apply to more and more goods: food and vital medicines, yes, but also car batteries, essential medical services, deodorant, diapers, and, of course, toilet paper. The ostensible goal was to check inflation and keep goods affordable for the poor, but anyone with a basic grasp of economics could have foreseen the consequences: When prices are set below production costs, sellers can’t afford to keep the shelves stocked. Official prices are low, but it’s a mirage: The products have disappeared.

When a state is in the process of collapse, dimensions of decay feed back on each other in an intractable cycle. Populist giveaways, for example, have fed the country’s ruinous flirtation with hyperinflation; the International Monetary Fund now projects that prices will rise by 720 percent this year and 2,200 percent in 2017. The government virtually gives away gasoline for free, even after having raised the price earlier this year. As a result of this and similar policies, the state is chronically short of funds, forced to print ever more money to finance its spending. Consumers, flush with cash and chasing a dwindling supply of goods, are caught in an inflationary spiral.

The Soviet Union taught us that there is such a thing as going too far with price controls, and such a thing as being overly reliant on oil revenues. Maybe leaders of this country missed some of those lessons of history and repeated some of those mistakes. But I also see another lesson here. The article talks about both the collapse in oil prices, which hit government revenues hard, and the severe drought caused by El Nino, which is causing both water shortages and electricity shortages because the country is dependent on hydropower. So whatever the decisions of political leaders, which I take no position on here, the country was clearly not ready for an external shock caused by environmental factors and changes in supply and demand of natural resources. It may be a microcosm for things to come on a larger scale elsewhere in the world.