I followed up on a link in yesterday’s story about lottery winners. In 2017 a group publishing in the Columbia Journalism Review submitted Freedom of Information Act requests to basically all the U.S. state lotteries and analyzed all the data they were able to get. The results are really surprising, verging on basically impossible.

• Clarance Jones of Lynn, Massachusetts, the nation’s most frequent winner, claimed more than 7,300 tickets worth $600 or more in only six years.
• Jones would have had to spend at least $300 million to have a 1-in-10 million chance of winning so often, according to a statistician we consulted at the University of California, Berkeley. (Jones did not respond to requests for comment.)
• The odds are extraordinary even for winners with far smaller win tallies. According to the analysis, Nadine Vukovich, Pennsylvania’s most frequent winner, would have had to spend $7.8 million to have a 1-in-10 million chance of winning her 209 tickets worth $600 or more.

What could explain any of this? I don’t know, of course. But here are a few explanations that would fit the evidence.

1. Psychic powers, or just straight up magic. Let’s rule this out.
2. The data is flawed and/or the analysis of the data is flawed. An intern filled down the same name next to all the winning numbers in a spreadsheet. Something like this seems likely.
3. Corruption. Certainly plausible.
4. Computer bugs or computer hacking. This does not seem impossible to me. A pseudo-random number generator could be programmed wrong, using a seed that is predictable somehow. Or someone stole the code and figured out the seed. This has happened with slot machines. I don’t know how similar lottery machines are to slot machines but they would seem similar.
5. People are figuring out ways to exploit certain obscure, flawed games. We know this has happened. The people who run the lottery know this too, and it is hard to imagine them making these mistakes often, and not correcting them quickly when they occasionally do.
6. Shadowy crime syndicates, corporations, middle eastern princes, Russian oligarchs, Professor Moriarty (etc.) are funding corruption and/or exploiting flaws on a large scale and/or hacking into lottery computers. The world is not what it seems, and if you are not one of the chosen few you are just another victim plugged into the blood-sucking matrix.

I’d place most of my bets on #2 and #3, and a small side bet on #4 or #5.