Author Archives: rdmyers75@hotmail.com

sarcasm, knowledge and creativity

I’ve always preferred to keep my news and entertainment separate, which has always made me mildly uncomfortable with comedy news purveyors like Stewart, Colbert, and Oliver. But there is some evidence that better informed and more creative people are drawn to sarcasm. From Smithsonian:

Sarcasm seems to exercise the brain more than sincere statements do. Scientists who have monitored the electrical activity of the brains of test subjects exposed to sarcastic statements have found that brains have to work harder to understand sarcasm.

That extra work may make our brains sharper, according to another study. College students in Israel listened to complaints to a cellphone company’s customer service line. The students were better able to solve problems creatively when the complaints were sarcastic as opposed to just plain angry. Sarcasm “appears to stimulate complex thinking and to attenuate the otherwise negative effects of anger,” according to the study authors.

The mental gymnastics needed to perceive sarcasm includes developing a “theory of mind” to see beyond the literal meaning of the words and understand that the speaker may be thinking of something entirely different. A theory of mind allows you to realize that when your brother says “nice job” when you spill the milk, he means just the opposite, the jerk.

Read more: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-science-of-sarcasm-yeah-right-25038/#QlY3dyz2ZcXfK45p.99
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I remember that after living abroad and returning to the United States, the all-pervasive sarcasm and irony in our media and culture is one thing that really struck me. And while living abroad, I found I had to tone down my ironic tone because people from other cultures often didn’t pick up on it, at least at first.

why propaganda works

Here’s an article from the Journal of Experimental Psychology explaining (at least one reason) why propaganda is effective. When we hear things repeated, we are more likely to believe them, and this is true even if we have prior knowledge to the contrary. The reason is simply that it takes more mental effort for your brain to process new information than to access information it already has in storage.

Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993-1002.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000098

In daily life, we frequently encounter false claims in the form of consumer advertisements, political propaganda, and rumors. Repetition may be one way that insidious misconceptions, such as the belief that vitamin C prevents the common cold, enter our knowledge base. Research on the illusory truth effect demonstrates that repeated statements are easier to process, and subsequently perceived to be more truthful, than new statements. The prevailing assumption in the literature has been that knowledge constrains this effect (i.e., repeating the statement “The Atlantic Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth” will not make you believe it). We tested this assumption using both normed estimates of knowledge and individuals’ demonstrated knowledge on a postexperimental knowledge check (Experiment 1). Contrary to prior suppositions, illusory truth effects occurred even when participants knew better. Multinomial modeling demonstrated that participants sometimes rely on fluency even if knowledge is also available to them (Experiment 2). Thus, participants demonstrated knowledge neglect, or the failure to rely on stored knowledge, in the face of fluent processing experiences.

“all criminal roads led to Trump Tower”

  • Here is the New Yorker article on the Steele dossier. Basically, it exposes the largely successful Republican attempts to discredit Steele as pure propaganda. The truth is that Steele is an ex-British civil servant with no ties to U.S. politics, who runs a private investigation agency specializing in the Russian government. Apparently, it is common for politicians to hire private investigators through law firms in a sort of double blind arrangement, where neither the politician nor the investigator knows who has been hired or who is paying the bills. That is what happened in this case. First an anti-Trump Republican hired a law firm which hired a U.S. private investigator who hired Steele, and later the DNC and Hillary Clinton campaign took over paying the bills. The Clinton campaign never knew they were paying Steele, and Steele never knew who was paying him. The information he dug up was shocking, basically that Trump and his associates have extensive ties to Russian government and organized crime figures, and they are at least in a position to be blackmailed if they are not actual Russian intelligence assets. Steele took this information to the FBI, who started and supposedly are continuing a serious counterintelligence investigation. So the information in the dossier appears to be credible, and both the FBI and Robert Mueller special counsel investigation have it and are following up. So if Trump is a Russian spy, he is going to get nailed.

The article is long, but keep plugging through it and you come to the fascinating story of multiple investigations Steele has been instrumental in, including the one that brought down FIFA. And those investigations, which are completely disparate, keep leading back to Trump Tower.

Steele might have been expected to move on once his investigation of the bidding was concluded. But he had discovered that the corruption at fifa was global, and he felt that it should be addressed. The only organization that could handle an investigation of such scope, he felt, was the F.B.I. In 2011, Steele contacted an American agent he’d met who headed the Bureau’s division for serious crimes in Eurasia. Steele introduced him to his sources, who proved essential to the ensuing investigation. In 2015, the Justice Department indicted fourteen people in connection with a hundred and fifty million dollars in bribes and kickbacks. One of them was Chuck Blazer, a top fifa official who had embezzled a fortune from the organization and became an informant for the F.B.I. Blazer had an eighteen-thousand-dollar-per-month apartment in Trump Tower, a few floors down from Trump’s residence.

Nobody had alleged that Trump knew of any fifa crimes, but Steele soon came across Trump Tower again. Several years ago, the F.B.I. hired Steele to help crack an international gambling and money-laundering ring purportedly run by a suspected Russian organized-crime figure named Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov. The syndicate was based in an apartment in Trump Tower. Eventually, federal officials indicted more than thirty co-conspirators for financial crimes. Tokhtakhounov, though, eluded arrest, becoming a fugitive. Interpol issued a “red notice” calling for his arrest. But, in the fall of 2013, he showed up at the Miss Universe contest in Moscow—and sat near the pageant’s owner, Donald Trump.

“It was as if all criminal roads led to Trump Tower,” Steele told friends.

So there you have it. It appears Trump is an international criminal mastermind, a Professor Moriarty, except that Professor Moriarty never got himself elected Queen.